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dc.contributor.authorCarvalho, Dandhara Rossi
dc.date.accessioned2023-12-22T01:43:12Z-
dc.date.available2023-12-22T01:43:12Z-
dc.date.issued2022-11-25
dc.identifier.citationCARVALHO, Dandhara Rossi. Beta-diversidade taxonômica e funcional como ferramentas para avaliação dos efeitos das pequenas centrais hidrelétricas na ictiofauna de um rio tropical. 2022. 54 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Biologia Animal) - Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, 2022.por
dc.identifier.urihttps://rima.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/20.500.14407/10803-
dc.description.abstractA construção de barramentos bloqueia os sistemas lóticos, criando barreiras físicas que modificam as condições físico-químicas e alteram o regime de vazões. O novo ambiente formado impede a livre migração da ictiofauna e de outros organismos aquáticos que se encontravam estabelecidas no ambiente lótico e passam pelos filtros do ambiente lêntico. Este ambiente, com características lênticas, facilita a entrada de espécies não-nativas, podendo levar à extinção de espécies nativas, principalmente aquelas mais especializadas e mais sensíveis às novas condições ambientais. O barramento nos rios tropicais tem sido uma das principais ameaças a biodiversidade aquática, e tem ocorrido em uma escala sem precedentes. Uma saída para rios médios e de pequeno porte é a construção de Pequenas Centrais Hidrelétricas a fio d’agua (PCHs), por apresentarem reduzidas áreas de alagamento não formando grandes reservatórios. No entanto, a real influência das PCHs tem sido questionada quanto a seus efeitos na ictiofauna em comparação com os grandes barramentos. Nesse âmbito, o presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar as influências na ictiofauna de duas PCHs construídas no trecho médio do Rio Paraíba do Sul, um rio de grande importância para o abastecimento hídrico do estado do Rio de Janeiro. Três períodos foram selecionados: 1) um período com cenário totalmente lótico, anterior a construção das PCHs (Pré - 2008); 2) um período imediatamente após a construção (Pós – 2012); e 3) um período após uma década da construção das PCHs (Atual - 2021). Comparações sazonais também foram feitas entre três condições hidro- ambientais: 1) cheias, entre janeiro e março; 2) secas, entre Julho e Agosto; e 3) transição, entre Setembro e Outubro. Para entender estas mudanças na ictiofauna, a beta-diversidade taxonômica e funcional foram utilizadas, uma vez que avaliam as mudanças na ictiofauna e servem para avaliar tanto a substituição de espécies/funções (turnover) como a perda de espécies/funções (nestedness) em relação ao pool disponível regionalmente. Para a determinação de 10 atributos funcionais de peixes, foram tomadas 12 medidas morfométricas quantitativas relacionadas ao uso do habitat, alimentação e locomoção. A composição da ictiofauna variou entre os períodos, embora variações sazonais tenham sido menos conspícuas. A maior riqueza foi observada no período Pós, e a menor riqueza no período Atual. A abundância diminuiu consideravelmente no período Atual. A beta-diversidade taxonômica e funcional aumentaram ao longo dos três períodos, com a taxonômica aumentando significativamente no período Pós e permanecendo sem diferenças significativas do período Atual. Por outro lado, a beta-diversidade funcional foi similar entre os períodos Pré e Pós, com significante aumento no período Atual. O componente de substituição (turnover) foi o que mais influenciou nos resultados das mudanças nas B-diversidade taxonômica e funcional, enquanto nenhuma mudança temporal foi observada no componente de perda de espécies (nestedness). Ocorreu um processo de heterogeneização da ictiofauna ao longo dos períodos, com aumento na beta-diversidade taxonômica e funcional, associados a uma diminuição na riqueza e abundância. Nosso estudo indica que a ictiofauna está sofrendo um processo de reestruturação, devido ao aparecimento de espécies mais tolerantes e a substituição de espécies nativas e sensíveis, o que resultou em uma substituição de funções após uma década de funcionamento das PCHs. Isto sugere que empreendimentos de pequeno porte como as PCHs são prejudiciais para a ictiofauna, devido as mudanças no habitat, ou ainda pelo aparecimento de espécies não nativas e generalistas. Pouco se sabe sobre os reais efeitos de PCHs na ictiofauna e nossos resultados sugerem que é importante entender essas alterações, e como elas podem ser prejudiciais para a ictiofauna. Sugere-se a ampliação destes estudos no sentido de fornecer base para medidas de conservação da biodiversidade em ambientes afetados por esses empreendimentos.por
dc.description.sponsorshipCAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superiorpor
dc.formatapplication/pdf*
dc.languageporpor
dc.publisherUniversidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiropor
dc.rightsAcesso Abertopor
dc.subjectImpactos antropogênicospor
dc.subjectEcossistemas aquáticospor
dc.subjectBarragenspor
dc.subjectEspécies não- nativaspor
dc.subjectPeixes de águas docepor
dc.subjectAnthropogenic impactseng
dc.subjectAquatic ecosystemseng
dc.subjectDamseng
dc.subjectNon-native specieseng
dc.subjectFreshwater fisheng
dc.titleBeta-diversidade taxonômica e funcional como ferramentas para avaliação dos efeitos das pequenas centrais hidrelétricas na ictiofauna de um rio tropicalpor
dc.title.alternativeTaxonomic and functional beta-diversity as tools for evaluating the effects of small hydroelectric power plants on the ichthyofauna of a tropical rivereng
dc.typeDissertaçãopor
dc.description.abstractOtherDams construction blocks lotic systems, creating physical barriers that modify the physical- chemical local conditions and alter the flow regime. The new formed environment prevents the free migration of the ichthyofauna and other aquatic organisms that inhabits the lotic environment to pass through the filters of the lentic environment. This environment, with lentic characteristics facilitates the entry of non-native species, which may lead to the extinction of native species, especially those that are more specialized and more sensitive to new environmental conditions. Damming of tropical rivers has been one of the main threats to aquatic biodiversity, and it has occurred on an unprecedented scale. One way out for medium and small rivers is the construction of Small Run-of-Run Hydroelectric Power Plants (SPPs), as they present reduced flooding areas and do not form large reservoirs. However, the real influence of SHPs has been questioned as to their effects in ichthyofauna compared to large dams. In this context, the present study aimed to evaluate the influences on the ichthyofauna of two PCHs built in the middle section of the Paraíba do Sul River, a lotic system of great importance for the water supply of the state of Rio de Janeiro. Three periods were selected: 1) a period with a totally lotic scenario, before the construction of the two SPPs (2008 - Pre); 2) a period immediately after the construction of the SPPs (2012 - Post); and 3) a period of a decade after the construction of these dams (2021 - Current). Seasonal comparisons were also made among three hydro-environmental conditions: 1) wet, between January and March; 2) dry, between July and August; and 3) transition, between September and October. To understand these changes in ichthyofauna, taxonomic and functional beta-diversity were used, since they assess changes in ichthyofauna and serve to assess both species/function replacement (turnover) and species/function loss (nestedness) in relation to the pool available regionally. For the determination of 10 functional tracts, 12 quantitative morphometrical measures related to habitat use, feeding and locomotion of the species were taken. The ichthyofauna composition varied between periods, although seasonal variations were less conspicuous. Higher richness was recorded in the Post and lower in the Current period. Abundances decrease considerably in the Current period. The taxonomic and functional beta-diversity increased over the three periods, with the taxonomic having increased significantly in the Post period and remained without significant differences in the Current period. On the other hand, the functional beta- diversity was similar between the pre and post period, with a significant increase in the current period. The replacement component (turnover) was the one that most influenced the results of taxonomic and functional beta-diversity, whereas no significant temporal differences were observed in the loss of species component (nestedness). There was a process of the ichthyofauna heterogenization over the periods, with an increase in taxonomic and functional B-diversity associated with a decrease in richness and abundance. Our study indicates that the ichthyofauna is undergoing a re-structuration process, due to the appearance of tolerant species and the replacement of native and sensible species, which results in function replacement after one decade of operation of the SPPs. This suggests that small-scale enterprises such as SPPs are harmful to the ichthyofauna, due to the changes in habitat, or the appearance of non-native and generalist species. Little is known about the real effects of SPPs on ichthyofauna and our results suggest that it is important to understand these changes, as they can be harmful to the ichthyofauna. It is suggested to expand these studies in order to provide a basis for biodiversity conservation measures in environments affected by these projects.eng
dc.contributor.advisor1Araújo, Francisco Gerson
dc.contributor.advisor1IDhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-4551-1974por
dc.contributor.advisor1Latteshttp://lattes.cnpq.br/7898069293489622por
dc.contributor.referee1Araújo, Francisco Gerson
dc.contributor.referee1IDhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-4551-1974por
dc.contributor.referee1Latteshttp://lattes.cnpq.br/7898069293489622por
dc.contributor.referee2Terra, Bianca de Freitas
dc.contributor.referee2ID096.343.177-31por
dc.contributor.referee2Latteshttp://lattes.cnpq.br/5842231432141723por
dc.contributor.referee3Santangelo, Jayme Magalhães
dc.contributor.referee3Latteshttp://lattes.cnpq.br/8292200467538527por
dc.creator.IDhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-0439-0443por
dc.creator.Latteshttp://lattes.cnpq.br/4154298607582847por
dc.publisher.countryBrasilpor
dc.publisher.departmentInstituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúdepor
dc.publisher.initialsUFRRJpor
dc.publisher.programPrograma de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animalpor
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dc.subject.cnpqBiologia Geralpor
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dc.originais.urihttps://tede.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/jspui/6921
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